Just like humans, dogs can experience different types of pain — and each one requires a unique approach to treatment. Whether it’s the result of an injury, chronic condition, or something more complex, understanding the type of pain your dog is experiencing is the first step toward helping them feel better.
In this post, we’ll break down the four main types of pain in dogs: inflammatory, neuropathic, nociplastic, and myofascial pain — what they are, how to recognise them, and how they’re commonly treated. You might also be interested in hearing James talk about different types of pain
1. Inflammatory Pain
What is it?
Inflammatory pain occurs when tissues are injured and the body responds with inflammation. This is one of the most common types of pain in dogs and often shows up after injuries, surgeries, or conditions like arthritis.
Common Causes:
- Osteoarthritis
- Soft tissue injuries
- Post-surgical recovery
- Infections (skin, ears, dental)
Signs to Watch For:
- Limping or favouring a limb
- Swelling, redness, or warmth
- Reluctance to move or exercise
- Licking or biting at a painful area
How It’s Treated:
NSAIDs like Carprofen or Meloxicam are often effective
Acupuncture can modulate inflammation in some settings
Supplements (like Omega-3s or glucosamine) and joint diets may be useful for joint and inflammatory skin disease
Cold/heat therapy, weight management, and gentle physical activity are important adjunctive treatments
2. Neuropathic Pain
What is it?
Neuropathic pain stems from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system — think of it like “misfiring wires” in the body.
Common Causes:
- Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
- Nerve trauma or injury
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Tumours pressing on nerves
Signs to Watch For:
- Sudden, sharp yelps or vocalisations
- Chewing or licking at a limb without visible injury
- Increased sensitivity to touch
- Unusual behaviour changes like aggression or withdrawal
How It’s Treated:
Sometimes surgery may be indicated, for example in disc disease which affects walking, or doesn’t respond to pain relief alone
Unlicensed medications are sometimes prescribed by vets to manage nerve pain – gabapentinoids, amitriptyline, and amantadine would be some examples
Injection of local anaesthetics along with steroids and other substances can sometimes be helpful in decreasing nerve pain
Acupuncture and physical rehabilitation can also be helpful in some cases
3. Nociplastic Pain
What is it?
This is a more complex and often misunderstood type of pain. Nociplastic pain is caused by an abnormal processing of pain signals in the nervous system, without any clear injury or nerve damage. It’s often chronic and difficult to pinpoint.
Common Causes:
- Chronic arthritis with central sensitisation
- Post-surgical pain that doesn’t resolve
- Fibromyalgia or hypermobility-like syndromes (not fully studied in dogs)
Signs to Watch For:
- Widespread or vague pain
- Pain that seems “out of proportion” to any physical findings
- Sensitivity to touch or changes in temperature
- Behaviour changes like anxiety or restlessness
How It’s Treated:
A multimodal approach is frequently necessary, medications used for neuropathic pain can also be helpful in these pain presentations
Acupuncture and physiotherapy to support the nervous system
Behavioural therapy and environmental enrichment
Gentle exercise and chronic pain management plans
4. Myofascial Pain
What is it?
This type of pain originates in the muscles and surrounding fascia (the connective tissue that holds muscles together). It’s common in dogs compensating for other injuries, or those with repetitive strain or posture issues.
Common Causes:
- Muscle overuse or strain
- Chronic limping or offloading weight
- Compensating for orthopedic problems
- Stress and poor movement patterns
Signs to Watch For:
- Stiffness, especially after rest
- Muscle knots or areas of tension
- Reluctance to jump, run, or stretch
- Asymmetrical posture or movement
How It’s Treated:
Laser therapy and acupuncture
Trigger point injections (usually with local anesthetics)
Regular stretching and guided physical rehabilitation
Massage therapy and myofascial release
Final Thoughts
Pain in dogs is complex — and not always easy to spot. Dogs are masters at hiding discomfort, which means subtle signs can often go unnoticed. If you notice changes in your dog’s behaviour, movement, or energy levels, it’s worth having them assessed by your vet.
With the right diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan, dogs living with pain can enjoy improved comfort, mobility, and quality of life.
